V = average flow velocity, ft/sec, = Q/A, whereĪ = cross-sectional area of flow normal to the direction of flow, ft2. G = acceleration due to gravity = 32.2 ft/sec2, and Y = depth of flow above the channel bottom, ft, The specific energy of a liquid flowing in an open channel is defined to be the sum of its kinetic and potential energy per unit weight of flowing liquid, relative to the channel bottom. The parameter, specific energy, is often used to introduce the concepts of critical, subcritical, and supercritical flow. It’s the dividing line between subcritical and supercritical flow. ![]() Let’s take a look at the conditions for critical flow first. Conditions for Critical, Subcritical and Supercritical Flow Critical flow is the dividing condition between supercritical flow and subcritical flow. Subcritical flow, on the other hand, is characterized by slower flow velocity, deeper flow depth (more than critical depth) on a shallow channel slope with Froude number less than one. Supercritical flow is generally high flow velocity, shallow flow (less than critical depth) on a steep channel slope that has Froude number greater than one. ![]() Any open channel flow must be in one of these three categories. ![]() Supercritical flow, subcritical flow, and critical flow are categories of open channel flow.
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